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Thermal Physics Thermal Physics - Heat Transfer and Specific Heat Capacity

Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.

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Physics · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)

Summary

Non-metals like wood and plastic have no free electrons, so they conduct slowly and act as insulators. Trapped air (in wool or foam) is a very poor conductor, which is why it insulates well.

This circulation moves heat through liquids and gases. It cannot happen in solids because the particles cannot move from place to place.

Dark, matt surfaces are the best emitters and absorbers; shiny, light surfaces reflect best and emit least. Hotter objects radiate more energy.

Water's c is very high (4200 J/kg degC), so it heats and cools slowly. This is why it is used in heating systems and why coasts have mild climates.

Hard words & meanings

conduction	transfer of thermal energy through a material by particle vibration and, in metals, free electrons
convection	transfer of heat through a fluid by the bulk movement of warmer, less dense fluid rising
radiation	transfer of heat by infrared electromagnetic waves, needing no medium
infrared	the band of electromagnetic radiation, just beyond red light, that carries thermal energy
density	mass per unit volume; warm fluid is less dense and so rises
insulator	a material that conducts heat poorly, slowing heat transfer
specific heat capacity	the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degC, symbol c
thermal equilibrium	the state reached when two objects are at the same temperature and no net heat flows

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