sci_phy
Radioactive Decay
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Physics · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
Decay is spontaneous and random. Nothing triggers it, and temperature or pressure cannot change it.
Alpha is heavy and slow, beta is a light fast electron, gamma is a wave. All come from the nucleus.
Alpha is stopped by paper but rips apart many atoms. Gamma passes through lead but ionises little.
Ionising radiation can cause cancer. Protect with shielding, distance and short exposure time.
Hard words & meanings
| radioactive decay | spontaneous emission of particles or energy from an unstable nucleus |
| alpha particle | two protons and two neutrons, the same as a helium-4 nucleus |
| beta particle | a fast electron made when a neutron becomes a proton |
| gamma ray | high-energy electromagnetic radiation with no mass or charge |
| ionisation | knocking electrons off atoms to form charged ions |
| penetrating power | how far radiation travels through matter before being stopped |
| mass number | total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus |
| atomic number | the number of protons, which fixes the element |
Model exam answers, grammar & audio
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