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Reactivity Series & Displacement
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
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Chemistry · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
The order was found by experiment - how vigorously each metal reacts with water, acid and oxygen. Potassium reacts violently with cold water; gold reacts with nothing.
Fe + CuSO4 -> FeSO4 + Cu, because iron is above copper. Iron is oxidised (loses electrons) and copper ions are reduced (gain them) - a redox reaction.
K, Na, Ca react with cold water. Cu, Ag, Au react with nothing and stay shiny. Rust is hydrated iron(III) oxide.
Below carbon (Fe, Zn, Pb): reduce with carbon in a furnace. Above carbon (Al, Na, K): electrolysis of the molten compound. Cu, Ag, Au are often found native.
Hard words & meanings
| reactivity series | a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity, K (most) to Au (least) |
| displacement reaction | a more reactive element pushing a less reactive one out of its compound |
| oxidation | loss of electrons by a species during a reaction |
| reduction | gain of electrons by a species during a reaction |
| galvanising | coating iron with zinc so the zinc corrodes first |
| sacrificial protection | attaching a more reactive metal so it corrodes instead of the iron |
| native metal | a metal found pure in the crust because it is too unreactive to combine |
| electrolysis | splitting a molten ionic compound with electricity to extract a reactive metal |
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