sci_chem
Metallic Bonding
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Chemistry · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
Each metal atom loses its outer electrons, becoming a positive ion (cation). Those electrons no longer belong to one atom - they spread out and are shared by the whole lattice.
This electrostatic attraction acts in all directions (non-directional). Higher charge and smaller ions give a stronger pull, so Mg melts higher than Na.
When a voltage is applied the delocalised electrons drift to the positive terminal. The same mobile electrons carry heat quickly through the lattice.
So metals are malleable (sheets) and ductile (wires). Ionic solids instead shatter, because sliding brings like charges together and they repel.
Hard words & meanings
| delocalised electrons | electrons not tied to one atom but free to move through the whole metallic lattice |
| metallic bond | the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons |
| cation | a positive ion formed when a metal atom loses electrons |
| lattice | a regular, repeating 3D arrangement of particles |
| malleable | able to be hammered or pressed into sheets without breaking |
| ductile | able to be drawn out into wires without breaking |
| non-directional | a bond that acts equally in all directions, not along a fixed line |
| electrostatic attraction | the force of attraction between opposite charges |
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