sci_bio
The Respiratory System
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Biology · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
Cilia and mucus in the airway trap dust and germs. The trachea has C-shaped cartilage rings to stay open.
Each alveolus is one cell thick and wrapped in capillaries. Millions of them give a huge surface area.
Breathing is mechanical, driven by pressure changes. Resting exhalation is passive.
Aerobic uses O2: glucose + oxygen → CO2 + water + energy. Without enough O2, muscles do anaerobic respiration and make lactic acid.
Hard words & meanings
| alveolus | a tiny air sac in the lungs where gas exchange happens (plural: alveoli) |
| diffusion | movement of particles from high to low concentration until evened out |
| diaphragm | a dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that drives breathing |
| trachea | the windpipe carrying air from the throat to the bronchi, held open by cartilage |
| bronchioles | the smallest air tubes in the lungs, ending in alveoli |
| respiration | the release of energy from glucose in cells |
| haemoglobin | the red pigment in blood that carries oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the extra oxygen needed after exercise to break down built-up lactic acid |
Model exam answers, grammar & audio
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