sci_bio

Photosynthesis

Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.

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Biology · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)

Plants are producers: they make their own food. This food (glucose) feeds almost every food chain on Earth.

Chloroplasts hold chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures light energy. Leaves are packed with them near the top surface.

Light energy drives the reaction but is not a reactant. The oxygen released comes from splitting water (photolysis).

Whichever is in shortest supply caps the rate. Above about 40°C enzymes denature and the rate falls sharply.

photosynthesis	the process by which green plants use light energy to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen
chlorophyll	the green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
chloroplast	the organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis happens; contains chlorophyll
stomata	tiny pores, mainly on the lower leaf surface, that let CO₂ in and O₂ out, controlled by guard cells
palisade mesophyll	the layer of tall, chloroplast-rich cells near the top of the leaf; main site of photosynthesis
limiting factor	the factor in shortest supply that controls the maximum rate of photosynthesis
photolysis	the splitting of water molecules using light energy, releasing oxygen
glucose	the simple sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆) made in photosynthesis; used for respiration, growth and stored as starch

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