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Mendelian Inheritance & Genetics

Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.

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Biology · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)

He used peas because traits are clear (tall/short) and crosses are easy to control. His careful counting revealed fixed ratios.

Tall is dominant, short is recessive. The short trait is hidden, not lost.

The recessive trait returns in one quarter. Genotypes are 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt.

Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment underpin all classical genetics.

gene	a section of DNA that controls a particular characteristic
allele	one of the alternative versions of a gene, e.g. T or t
dominant	an allele that shows its effect even when only one copy is present
recessive	an allele whose effect shows only when both copies are present
genotype	the alleles an organism has for a trait, e.g. Tt
phenotype	the visible characteristic produced by the genotype, e.g. tall
homozygous	having two identical alleles for a trait, e.g. TT or tt
heterozygous	having two different alleles for a trait, e.g. Tt

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