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The Circulatory System
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Biology · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
Blood goes through the heart twice for each full lap of the body. This double circulation keeps oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood completely separate.
The two upper atria receive blood; the two lower ventricles pump it. The left ventricle wall is thickest because it pushes blood all the way round the body.
Arteries have thick muscular walls for high pressure. Veins have valves to stop backflow. Capillaries are one cell thick so oxygen and food diffuse into cells.
Red cells are packed with haemoglobin and have no nucleus. Plasma carries glucose, hormones, carbon dioxide and urea dissolved in it.
Hard words & meanings
| atrium | an upper chamber of the heart that receives blood returning to it |
| ventricle | a lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out |
| double circulation | a system where blood passes through the heart twice in one full circuit of the body |
| pulmonary | relating to the lungs, e.g. the pulmonary artery to the lungs |
| systemic | the circulation that carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body |
| capillary | a microscopic vessel, one cell thick, where exchange between blood and cells occurs |
| haemoglobin | the red protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen |
| plasma | the pale yellow liquid of blood that carries dissolved substances and cells |
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