sci_bio
Blood Glucose Regulation
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Biology · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
Too low starves the brain; too high damages blood vessels and pulls water out of cells. The pancreas keeps it steady.
Cells take up more glucose and the liver locks it away as glycogen (glycogenesis). Blood glucose then falls back to normal.
The liver breaks glycogen back into glucose (glycogenolysis) and makes new glucose (gluconeogenesis). Blood glucose rises to normal.
Type 1: the immune system destroys beta cells so no insulin is made. Type 2: cells stop responding to insulin (resistance).
Hard words & meanings
| insulin | hormone from beta cells that lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake and glycogen storage |
| glucagon | hormone from alpha cells that raises blood glucose by breaking down glycogen in the liver |
| pancreas | gland near the stomach whose islets of Langerhans make insulin and glucagon |
| islets of Langerhans | clusters of cells in the pancreas; alpha cells make glucagon, beta cells make insulin |
| glycogen | the storage form of glucose, kept mainly in the liver and muscles |
| glycogenesis | the conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage (stimulated by insulin) |
| glycogenolysis | the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose (stimulated by glucagon) |
| negative feedback | a control in which a change triggers a response that reverses it, restoring the set point |
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