sci_bio
Biodiversity, Extinction & Conservation
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Biology · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
Biodiversity is short for biological diversity. It has three levels: variety of genes within a species, variety of species in a habitat, and variety of ecosystems in a region. Tropical rainforests cover only about 6% of land but hold more than half of all known species.
A diverse ecosystem is more stable: if one species is lost, others can fill its role. Biodiversity also gives free services - pollination, clean water, fertile soil and new medicines.
Human activity is driving species loss 100 to 1000 times faster than nature. The big threats are HIPPO. Extinction is permanent - once a species is gone it cannot return. The IUCN Red List ranks species from Least Concern to Extinct.
In-situ conservation protects species in their natural home - national parks, reserves and wildlife corridors. Ex-situ conservation protects them elsewhere - zoos, captive breeding, botanical gardens, seed banks and gene banks. The best programmes use both.
Hard words & meanings
| biodiversity | the variety of life at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels |
| ecosystem | a community of living things together with their non-living environment |
| extinction | the permanent loss of a species when its last member dies |
| endangered | a species at high risk of extinction in the near future |
| invasive species | a non-native species that spreads and harms native wildlife |
| in-situ conservation | protecting species in their natural habitat, e.g. national parks |
| ex-situ conservation | protecting species away from their habitat, e.g. zoos and seed banks |
| wildlife corridor | a strip of habitat linking two areas so animals can move and mix genes |
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