sci_bio

Adaptations to Environment

Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.

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Biology · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)

It can be structural (body), behavioural (what it does) or functional (internal chemistry). It is inherited, not learned.

Useful variants survive and breed more, so the feature spreads. The organism does not 'decide' to adapt.

Many desert animals are nocturnal, active in the cool night. Cacti store water in thick stems and spread shallow roots.

Polar bears have black skin under white fur and large rounded bodies. White coats also camouflage them in snow.

adaptation	an inherited feature that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
natural selection	the process by which organisms better suited to their environment survive and breed more
variation	the differences between individuals of the same species
structural adaptation	a physical body feature, such as fur, spines or body shape
behavioural adaptation	an action or response that aids survival, such as migration or being nocturnal
functional adaptation	an internal biochemical or metabolic feature, such as a special enzyme or antifreeze in blood
extremophile	an organism that thrives in extreme conditions like boiling, salty or acidic places
surface area : volume ratio	the surface area divided by volume; small bodies have a high ratio and lose heat faster

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