उपयोजित लेखन Upayojit Lekhan (Applied/Functional Writing Skills)

या वर्षी स्वपरिचय, मागणी व तक्रार अशा औपचारिक पत्रप्रकारांचा अभ्यास करायचा आहे. औपचारिक पत्रात पत्ता, दिनांक, मायना, विषय, मुख्य मजकूर व समारोप हे घटक आवश्यक असतात.

Having studied some forms of informal and formal letter writing in earlier years, this year's focus is on formal letters of self-introduction, request and complaint. A formal letter follows certain important conventions - the writer's name, designation, address with pin code and the date should appear in the top right corner; the recipient's proper salutation, name, designation and address on the left; the letter must state a 'subject'; the body should begin with 'Sir/Madam' after the subject line; and it should close with an appropriate closing address. A self-introduction letter should include points such as full name, address, contact number, date of birth, educational qualifications, hobbies, experience/awards, and proficiency in other arts.

गद्य आकलनात दिलेला उतारा वाचून त्यावर पाच प्रश्न तयार करायचे असतात, ज्यांची उत्तरे एका वाक्यात यावीत. प्रश्न अर्थपूर्ण असावेत, त्यांची उत्तरे उताऱ्यातच असावीत आणि शीर्षकाबद्दल प्रश्न तयार करू नये.

Since the ability to frame questions is an important language skill, prose comprehension has been included in the syllabus. After carefully reading a given passage, students must frame five questions based on it, each answerable in a single sentence. Certain rules must be followed - the question framed should be meaningful; practice should be given to forming questions with 'who,' 'where,' 'when,' 'why,' and similar words; questions must be answerable directly from the passage; answers should be verified though not necessarily written out; each question must end with a question mark; and one should never frame a question asking for a suitable title for the passage.

कथालेखनात कथाबीज, कथेची रचना (सुरुवात-मध्य-शेवट), पात्रे, संवाद व भाषाशैली, आणि शीर्षक-तात्पर्य असे घटक महत्त्वाचे असतात. कथा नेहमी भूतकाळात व उत्कंठावर्धक पद्धतीने लिहावी.

Among applied writing forms, 'story writing' gives scope for students' creative expression. Stories can take various forms depending on theme - adventure stories, science fiction, moral fables, historical stories, allegories, humorous stories. Key elements of story writing include: the kathabij or seed idea (the story's soul, to be developed through daily observation, reading and experience); structure (an attractive opening, short meaningful sentences, continuously suspenseful content); events and characters (chosen to suit the seed idea, set in a fitting location); character traits (expressed through behaviour); dialogue and language (made effective through figurative language and correct punctuation); and finally, a title and moral (reflecting the story's content and the value it conveys). Stories should always be written in the past tense.

जाहिरात म्हणजे लोकांचे लक्ष एखाद्या गोष्टीकडे वेधून घेणारा संदेश. आजच्या इंटरनेट-मोबाईलच्या युगात जाहिरातक्षेत्राची व्याप्ती खूप वाढली आहे. जाहिरातीची भाषा साधी, सोपी, आकर्षक व विश्वासार्ह असावी.

The very word 'jahirat' (advertisement) carries its meaning within it - in the English word 'Advertisement,' 'Ad' means 'towards' and 'verto' means 'to turn' or 'to draw attention.' So an advertisement is essentially a message that draws people's attention to something. In today's computer and information-technology age, the scope of advertising has expanded greatly through the internet and mobile revolution, and it has gained special importance across every field - art, sport, education, health, trade. The language of advertising should have attractive content, be simple, clear and flowing, place little strain on the mind, build trust in the customer's mind, show awareness of popular sentiment, be pithy and effective, rhythmic, and carry a touch of humour. When creating an advertisement, attention must be paid to elements such as headline, sub-headline, details, and the company's logo, name and address.