Tree Diagrams

Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.

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Mathematics · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)

Each step is a separate event. Multiplying the steps gives the chance they all happen in that order.

For example 'one red, one blue' can be red-then-blue OR blue-then-red, so add both.

Both draws use the same denominator. The two draws are independent.

The second draw depends on the first. This is conditional probability.

tree diagram	a branching diagram showing all outcomes of events in sequence, each branch labelled with its probability
branch	one line in the tree showing a single outcome of an event
with replacement	the chosen item is put back before the next draw
without replacement	the chosen item is kept out, so the next draw is from a smaller group
independent events	events where one outcome does not affect the other's probability
conditional probability	the probability of B given A has happened, written P(B given A)
mutually exclusive	outcomes that cannot both happen, so their probabilities can be added
complement	the probability that an event does NOT happen, equal to 1 minus its probability

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