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Sampling
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Mathematics · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
The population is everyone you care about; the sample is the few you actually study. A good sample must be representative, or your conclusion is wrong.
Testing every car part would destroy them all. Sampling is fast, cheap and good enough when chosen fairly.
It removes human bias but needs a full list (a sampling frame). By luck it can miss small subgroups.
Take (group size ÷ N) × n from every stratum. Bias comes from the method, not the size, so a bigger biased sample is still biased.
Hard words & meanings
| population | the complete group being studied |
| sample | a smaller group taken to represent the population |
| census | data collected from every member of the population |
| sampling frame | a complete list of the population to choose from |
| simple random sampling | selection where each member has an equal chance |
| stratified sampling | splitting the population into groups and sampling each in proportion |
| bias | a systematic tendency to over- or under-represent a group |
| representative | reflecting the population's features fairly |
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