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Probability Basics
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Mathematics · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
0.5 means an even chance. The closer to 1, the more likely the event is.
Rolling a 4 on a fair die: 1 favourable out of 6, so P = 1/6. This needs a fair, unbiased setup.
Two dice give a 6×6 grid of 36 outcomes. A clear sample space makes counting reliable.
More trials make it settle near the true value - the law of large numbers. A big gap can mean bias.
Hard words & meanings
| probability | a number from 0 to 1 measuring how likely an event is |
| outcome | a single possible result of a trial |
| event | the outcome or set of outcomes you want the probability of |
| sample space | the complete set of all possible outcomes |
| equally likely | outcomes that each have the same chance of occurring |
| complement | the event of something NOT happening; P = 1 − P(event) |
| relative frequency | successes divided by total trials in an experiment |
| biased | unfair, so outcomes are not equally likely |
Model exam answers, grammar & audio
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