ma
Linear Graphs
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (ICSE Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Mathematics · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
Summary
x and y are any point on the line. m is the gradient (steepness) and c is where it meets the y-axis.
Use m = (y2 - y1)/(x2 - x1) from any two points. Positive climbs, negative falls, zero is flat.
Mark the y-intercept first, use the gradient for a second point, then join and extend the line.
If one gradient is 3, a perpendicular line has gradient -1/3. This builds right angles on a grid.
Hard words & meanings
| gradient | the steepness of a line, found as rise divided by run |
| y-intercept | the y-value where the line crosses the y-axis (x = 0) |
| x-intercept | the x-value where the line crosses the x-axis (y = 0) |
| origin | the point (0, 0) where the two axes cross |
| coordinates | a pair (x, y) giving a point's position on the grid |
| linear | forming a straight line; the equation has no powers above 1 |
| parallel | lines that never meet because they have the same gradient |
| perpendicular | lines that cross at a right angle; gradients multiply to -1 |
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