Fractions, Decimals & Percentages

Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for ICSE Class 10 Hindi.

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Mathematics · CBSE 10 · ICSE 10 · GCSE (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)

1/2 = 0.5 = 50%. The bottom of a fraction (denominator) says how many equal parts the whole is cut into; the top (numerator) says how many you take.

Fraction → decimal: numerator ÷ denominator. Decimal → percent: ×100. Percent → fraction: write over 100 and simplify.

35% of 1400 = 0.35 × 1400 = 490. This is how discounts, GST, VAT and exam marks are worked out.

To undo a change, divide by the multiplier. A price of 750 after a 25% rise was 750 ÷ 1.25 = 600.

numerator	the top number of a fraction, showing how many parts you have
denominator	the bottom number of a fraction, showing how many equal parts the whole is split into
equivalent fractions	fractions that name the same amount, e.g. 1/2 = 2/4 = 4/8
simplify	divide numerator and denominator by their HCF to get the smallest equal fraction
HCF	highest common factor - the largest number that divides into two numbers exactly
multiplier	the single number you multiply by to apply a percentage change, e.g. 1.2 for +20%
percentage change	the change as a fraction of the original, written as a percent
reverse percentage	working back from a changed value to the original by dividing by the multiplier

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