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Heredity and Genetics
Chapter summary, hard words and model exam answers for Class 10 Hindi.
Free online summary and notes (Class 10 Hindi). Read it here, no PDF download needed.
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Biology · ICSE Class 10
Summary
Heredity is the transmission of characters from parents to offspring. Variation means differences among individuals of the same species.
A gene is a unit of inheritance. Different forms of the same gene are called alleles. For one trait, an offspring usually receives one allele from each parent.
A dominant allele expresses itself even when only one copy is present. A recessive allele expresses itself only when both copies are recessive.
Genotype means the genetic combination, such as TT, Tt or tt. Phenotype means the visible expression, such as tall or dwarf.
In a monohybrid cross with one contrasting pair of traits, the F2 generation often shows a 3:1 phenotype ratio when one allele is completely dominant.
Write parent genotypes, write possible gametes, fill the Punnett square, then state genotype ratio and phenotype ratio.
Hard words & meanings
| heredity | Transmission of characters from parents to offspring |
| variation | Differences among individuals of the same species |
| gene | Unit of inheritance located on chromosomes |
| allele | Alternative form of a gene |
| dominant | Allele that expresses even in heterozygous condition |
| recessive | Allele that expresses only when both alleles are recessive |
| genotype | Genetic constitution of an organism for a trait |
| phenotype | Visible expression of a trait |
Model exam answers, grammar & audio
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